Admittedly, fascism is not particularly easy to define, or perhaps too easy, as there are many definitions. This book explores it exceptionally well: https://www.amazon.com/Liberal-Fascism-American-Mussolini-Politics/dp/0767917189
Yes, because Europeans have a such a fine record against fascism. Of course, there is, in fact, nothing fascist in the least in the pledge. The EU, on the other hand, …
nope.